Universal Design - How to Build for Accessibility

In architecture, universal design means creating spaces that meet the needs of all people, young and old, able and disabled. From the arrangement of the rooms to the choice of colors, many details go into the creation of accessible spaces. Architecture tends to focus on accessibility for people with disabilities, but Universal Design is the philosophy behind accessibility. No matter how beautiful, your home will not be comfortable or appealing if you cannot move freely through its rooms and independently perform the basic tasks of life. Even if everyone in the family is able-bodied, a sudden accident or the long-term effects of illness can create mobility problems, visual and auditory impairments, or cognitive decline. Designing for the blind is one example of universal design. Your dream home may have spiral staircases and balconies with sweeping views, but will it be usable by and accessible for everyone in your family? Definition of Universal Design The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. -Center for Universal Design Principles of Universal Design The Center for Universal Design at the College of Design, North Carolina State University, has established seven overarching principles for all universal design: Equitable UseFlexibility in UseSimple and Intuitive UsePerceptible Information (e.g., color contrast)Tolerance for ErrorLow Physical EffortSize and Space for Approach and Use If product designers apply universal design principles, with a special focus on accessibility for people with disabilities, and if usability experts routinely include people with a variety of disabilities in usability tests, more products will be accessible to and usable by everyone. -Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology (DO-IT), University of Washington Your local housing agencies can give you more detailed specifications for construction and interior design in your area. Listed here are some very general guidelines. Designing Accessible Spaces President George H.W. Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) into law on July 26, 1990, but did that start the ideas of accessibility, usability, and universal design? The Americans with Disability Act (ADA) is not the same as Universal Design. But anyone who practices Universal Design will likely not have to worry about the minimum regulations of the ADA. Allow enough floor space to accommodate a stationary wheelchair and also enough room for a smooth U-turn: at least 1965 mm (78 inches) by 1525 mm (60 inches).Include tables or counters that are a variety of heights to accommodate standing, seating, and a range of different tasks.Provide shelves and a medicine cabinet that can be reached by persons seated in a wheelchair.Make sure entry doors to rooms are at least 815 mm (32 inches) wide.Mount bathroom sinks no higher than 865 mm (34 inches) from the floor.Install grab bars in the shower and beside the toilet.Provide a full-length mirror that can be viewed by all people, including children.Avoid shag carpets, uneven brick floors, and other floor surfaces that could pose slipping and tripping hazards.Design a room so deaf people can accomplish tasks while facing the rooms center. Mirrors are a poor solution to universal design. Learning Universal Design The Universal Design Living Laboratory (UDLL), a modern prairie-style house completed in November 2012, is a National Demonstration Home in Columbus, Ohio. The DO-IT Center (Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology) is an educational center at the University of Washington in Seattle. Promoting universal design in physical spaces and technologies is part of their local and international initiatives. The Center for Universal Design at North Carolina State University College of Design has been at the forefront of innovation, promotion, and struggles for funding. Sources Connell, Bettye Rose. The Principles of Universal Design. Version 2.0, The Center for Universal Design, NC State University, April 1, 1997. Craven, Jackie. The Stress-Free Home: Beautiful Interiors for Serenity and Harmonious Living. Hardcover, Quarry Books, August 1, 2003. Index. Center for Universal Design, College of Design, North Carolina State University, 2008. The Home. Universal Design Living Laboratory, 2005. What is the difference between accessible, usable, and universal design? DO-IT, University of Washington, April 30, 2019.

Effectiveness And Use Of School Uniforms - 1140 Words

The Effectiveness And Use of Uniform in Schools Nyi Nyi A. Myin Wingate University The Effectiveness And Use of Uniform in Schools The discussion regarding the purpose of schools uniforms among parents and school administrators have increased in the last few years. The debate on whether school uniforms affect students’ performance have challenged also. School uniforms are often seen as unstylish and unattractive due to lack of design and color scheme. The use of school uniforms are used to aid students’ behavior, performance, and attendance. It provides an opportunity of growth in a student’s physical, social, and moral development. In addition, the long term effects have a profound influence on their actions, emotions, and well†¦show more content†¦In addition to self-expression, the creativity and development in confidence and independence is delayed as a result of wearing uniforms in school. However, the purpose of the school uniform is not to limit student’s creativity, but to embrace unity as whole and to â€Å"eliminate w ardrobe as a source of competition among students† (Wilson, McMahon , 2015). In the United Kingdom, all schools require students to wear uniforms every day. The uniform system in the United Kingdom works well due to a unified dress code across the nation. Each school s grade levels are separated by color codes and outfits such as pants, skirts with polos, and cardigans. As the years pass, more formal uniforms are required. The result of having a unified uniform rule allows â€Å"more items available at lower cost†(Walmsley, 2011, 64) and â€Å"there are no battles in the morning about what to wear to school — the choice is simple† (Walmsley, 2011, 64). Uniform requires little to no task to keep up with maintenance and relieve the burden on parents to keep up with the latest styles. The use of uniforms in the United Kingdom’s schools are an embedded part of their culture and lifestyle. The simplicity in the use of uniforms are seen as a way for students to dress professionally in schools, as adults are required to dress professionally in job settings. It is believed to â€Å"create a culture where students generally are proud of their school and more respectful to teachers and administrators†(Walmsley, 2011,Show MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms Improve Childrens Safety Essay528 Words   |  3 PagesSince school uniforms have become more and more common in the United States, there has been one issue that many, of the parents and students are worried about. Many believe the children will not have the ability to express themselves freely. The First Amendment guarantees our right to free expression. 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This study is being undertaken because the implementation of dress codes and school uniforms has never been more contentious in America today. Some schools see inconsistent results in terms of academic achievement and overall student behavior upon instituting dress codes or school uniforms (Graham, Kahan, 2013; Draa, 2005), while other districts see declines in student success by similar measures (Brunsma, Rockquemore, 1998). School administrators, studentsRead MoreMilitary Appearance and Uniform1045 Words   |  5 PagesMILITARY UNIFORM AND APPERANCE In my essay I will research on the Military Uniform and Appearance. I will also research on the AR 670-1.This will help me understand and value more the importance of the uniform that I ware and it will be helpful in future reference in my military career. In my essay I will do some comparison from our military appearance and uniforms from other types of jobs that also use uniforms and have different standards that sets us apart from the everydayRead MoreMilitary Uniform and Appearance1066 Words   |  5 PagesMilitary Uniform and Appearance. I will also research on the AR 670-1.This will help me understand and value more the importance of the uniform that I ware and it will be helpful in future reference in my military career. In my essay I will do some comparison from our military appearance and uniforms from other types of jobs that also use uniforms and have different standards that sets us apart from the everyday use of a regular uniform. In everyday life we see people wearing uniforms to be identifyRead MoreDrug Testing In Schools. The Topic Of Random Drug Testing1490 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Testing in Schools The topic of random drug testing has been a very controversial one, especially in the last few years. RSDT (random student drug testing) made a rise in popularity after being legalized by the United States Supreme Court in 2006. This ruling made testing students who participate in extracurriculars or drive to school able to be tested for illegal drug abuse. This court decision is like many others in the aspect that some strongly agree and others heavily disagree. One sideRead MoreGovernment Campaign Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesSamiksha Paudel Government 2306 Prof. S. Sharifian 28 October 2017 The Campaign: 1 According to the VoteTexas.gov, the requirements for local offices like municipalities, school districts, other districts in Texas vary according to the political subdivision. Therefore, we should contact the political subdivision where you are interested in running for office for qualification requirements, filing periods and other relevant information (Texas Secretary of State, 2017). If I run office, ‘Texas Association

Truth in sentencing free essay sample

In the past 3 years it shows from studies done around the country that 67% of inmates have gotten released and 57%of inmates have gotten arrested again either for the same crime they committed or for a new crime. In the past 30 years it has shown that sentencing has become more of longer sentences for punishment then for rehabilitation to help. Due to that a lot of prisons and jails have become over crowded. And less and less inmates have received the attention that they need to stop them from committing crimes. Honestly who wouldn’t want 3 free meals a day and roof over their head and not have to pay for anything? A lot of people don’t have places to go or things to eat so committing a crime and getting caught gives them a place, so called home; prison. The prisons do have programs to help but they are not always enforced and it is up to the inmate to choose whether to go or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Truth in sentencing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Recidivism come in to it because inmates come back to prison for the same crime because they did not receive the punishment the deserved that will get them to stop the first time they were sent in. it should be shown from the first time going to prison for them to not commit another crime through programs and harsher sentencing. Will help to deter crime but for not how the system is working crime is just increasing. Studies say that crime will never come to an average and will never go away because someone somewhere is committing a crime either for them self’s or for a need. The system does need improvement and need new forms of way to help then to house people that have committed crimes, because how the system is it just housing them and giving them free care for crimes they have committed. So to this crime will actually never be cut down unless other forms of rehabilitation are taken to improve sentencing laws of committing crimes.

Gilded Age free essay sample

The era following the civil war, the gilded age, modernized the nation with new technological advances. Women’s social status improved with the up and coming government policies and intolerance of Native Americans became more prominent due to westward expansion. Segregation laws oppress African Americans and violate their rights as American citizens. Women gained suffrage in the gilded age which significantly improved their social status. Previously, women were viewed as inferior to men and incapable of having the same responsibilities. The cause of women’s suffrage was carried by middle class women and was launched in 1848 at Seneca Falls. Many women believed a major cause of poverty for immigration and working-class families was the excessive drinking by male factory workers. Women successfully advocated for total abstinence from alcohol. Many women had leisure time as a housewife, so they got more involved in politics and social issues. Middle class women did most of the shopping for their families so they became the prominent consumers. g. Hull House by Jane Adams) to help immigrants Nativism Unions Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Question of leadership for blacks Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois The Great West and Farming Problems for Indians: Broken treaties, railroad, diseases, alcohol, killing of the buffalo (from 15 mil to less than 1,000 by 1885) Dawes Severalty Act (1887) – forced assimilation   Carlisle Indian School   Mining in the West – gold and silver attract settlers (Pikes Peak, Comstock Lode) The Long Drive – Texas cowboys driving cattle to â€Å"cow towns† to put cattle on railcars Homestead Act – 160 acres – promises and realities Dry farming – needed to confront the challenging climate Wheat flourished in the West   1890 census declares the frontier â€Å"closed† – significance? (Turner’s Thesis) Cash Crops – due to technological advancements, e.g. the combine Vulnerability – unprotected, competitive world markets vs. TARIFF protected manufactured goods 1870s lack of currency forced crop price down – hard on DEBTORS (farmers have mortgages) Droughts – starting in summer of 1887